The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms defines ,obility
rights in two basic ways. First, citizens of Canada have the right "to
enter, remain in and leave Canada." This basic right allows Canadians
to move from place to place within the nation and to exit and enter
the country at will. Second, the Charter guarantees Canadian citizens
and permanent residents the right to live and gain employment or establish
businesses in any province or territory they wish. This provision means
that Canadians can pick where they want to live in the country. They
can choose to live in Vancouver, Winnipeg, Edmonton, Halifax, Toronto,
or Iqaluit.
National Archives of Canada (PA-113310).
Housing Redevelopment Area, Montreal,
Quebec, October 1959.
Canadians expect to live wherever they
choose, provided they can find work and housing. The main circumstances
that have interfered with that expectation have been economic depression
and population explosion. For example, during the baby boom years of
the 1950s, our housing supply was hard pressed to meet the demands of
a rapidly increasing population. Urban redevelopment, as pictured here,
was one solution.
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Often times, we take these mobility rights for granted.
In many countries, however, people have been ordered to leave their
homes, forced to live in segregated areas, or forbidden to associate
with others.
Corbis (Image ID: TL001065). Available online at www.corbis.com/Peter
Turnley, [20 March 2000].
Kurdish Refugees, Iskederun, Turkey,
1991.
In the aftermath of the Gulf War, the
Iraqi government launched a campaign of oppression against the country's
Kurdish minority. Denied political freedom and victimized by numerous
bombing raids, the Kurds were forced from their home territory in Northern
Iraq. Many fled to Turkish refugee camps.